6)Python Operators

Python Operators
Operators are special symbols in Python that are useful to compute values of operands

Type of operators in Python:

1. Arithmetic operators
2. Comparison (Relational) operators
3. Logical (Boolean) operators
4. Bitwise operators
5. Assignment operators
6. Special operators

1.Arithmetic operators:
Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication etc.

Arithmetic operators table:

Operator	Meaning	Example
+	Add two operands or unary plus	x + y +2
-	Subtract right operand from the left or unary minus	x - y -2
*	Multiply two operands	x * y
/	Divide left operand by the right one (always results into float)	x / y
%	Modulus - remainder of the division of left operand by the right	x % y (remainder of x/y)
//	Floor division - division that results into whole number adjusted to the left in the number line	x // y
**	Exponent - left operand raised to the power of right	x**y (x to the power y)

Examples:

2.Comparison operators:

Comparison operators are used to compare values. It either returns True or False

Comparison operators table:

Operator	Meaning	Example
>	Greater that - True if left operand is greater than the right	x > y
<	Less that - True if left operand is less than the right	x < y
==	Equal to - True if both operands are equal	x == y
!=	Not equal to - True if operands are not equal	x != y
>=	Greater than or equal to - True if left operand is greater than or equal to the right	x >= y
<=	Less than or equal to - True if left operand is less than or equal to the right	x <= y

Examples:

3.Logical operators:

Logical operators are the and, or, not operators.

Logical operators table:

Operator	Meaning	Example
and	True if both the operands are true	x and y
or	True if either of the operands is true	x or y
not	True if operand is false (complements the operand)	not x

Examples:

4.Bitwise operators:

Bitwise operators act on operands as if they were string of binary digits.

Bitwise operators table:

Operator	Description	Example
& Binary AND	Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands	(a & b) (means 0000 1100)
| Binary OR	It copies a bit if it exists in either operand.	(a | b) = 61 (means 0011 1101)
^ Binary XOR	It copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.	(a ^ b) = 49 (means 0011 0001)
~ Binary Ones Complement	It is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits.	(~a ) = -61 (means 1100 0011 in 2's complement form due to a signed binary number.
<< Binary Left Shift	The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.	a << 2 = 240 (means 1111 0000)
>> Binary Right Shift	The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.	a >> 2 = 15 (means 0000 1111)

Examples:

5.Assignment operators:
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

Assignment operators table:

Operator	Example	Equivatent to
=	x = 5	x = 5
+=	x += 5	x = x + 5
-=	x -= 5	x = x - 5
*=	x *= 5	x = x * 5
/=	x /= 5	x = x / 5
%=	x %= 5	x = x % 5
//=	x //= 5	x = x // 5
**=	x **= 5	x = x ** 5
&=	x &= 5	x = x & 5
|=	x |= 5	x = x | 5
^=	x ^= 5	x = x ^ 5
>>=	x >>= 5	x = x >> 5
<<=	x <<= 5	x = x << 5

6.Special operators:
They are two types of special operators:

1. Identity operators
2. Membership operators

i)Identity operators:
Identity operators used to check if two values (or variables) are located on the same part of the memory.

Identity operators Table:

Operator	Meaning	Example
is	True if the operands are identical (refer to the same object)	x is True
is not	True if the operands are not identical (do not refer to the same object)	x is not True

ii)Membership operators:
in and not in are the membership operators in Python. They are used to test whether a value or variable is found in a sequence (string, list, tuple, set and dictionary).

Membership operators Table:

Operator	Meaning	Example
in	True if value/variable is found in the sequence	5 in x
not in	True if value/variable is not found in the sequence	5 not in x

Example: